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  • Dalhousie dyspnea scales: construct and content validity of pictorial scales for measuring dyspnea 

    McGrath, P. J., P. T. Pianosi, A. M. Unruh, and C. P. Buckley. 2005. "Dalhousie dyspnea scales: construct and content validity of pictorial scales for measuring dyspnea." BMC pediatrics 5: 33.
    BACKGROUND: Because there are no child-friendly, validated, self-report measures of dyspnea or breathlessness, we developed, and provided initial validation, of three, 7-item, pictorial scales depicting three sub-constructs ...