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  • Repeatability in lactation performance and the consequences for maternal reproductive success in gray seals 

    Lang, S. L. C., S. J. Iverson, and W. D. Bowen. 2009. "Repeatability in lactation performance and the consequences for maternal reproductive success in gray seals." Ecology 90(9): 2513-2523. Copyright by the Ecological Society of America.
    In mammals, the most significant maternal effect on offspring growth during lactation is the ability of females to efficiently transfer milk energy to their neonates. However, despite the importance of the transfer of ...