Browsing Biology Faculty Research, Publications and Presentations by Title
Now showing items 119-138 of 185
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Observer Effects and Avian-Call-Count Survey Quality: Rare-Species Biases and Overconfidence
Wildlife monitoring surveys are prone to nondetection errors and false positives. To determine factors that affect the incidence of these errors, we built an Internet-based survey that simulated avian point counts, and ... -
Otolith elemental composition and adult tagging reveal spawning site fidelity and estuarine dependency in rainbow smelt
Observations of homing and straying in marine organisms based on traditional Eulerian approaches may fail to resolve dispersal kernels or be unable to differentiate homing from invariant local residency, The roles of ... -
Overestimating Fish Counts by Non-Instantaneous Visual Censuses: Consequences for Population and Community Descriptions
Background: Increasingly, underwater visual censuses (UVC) are used to assess fish populations. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of protected areas for increasing fish abundance or provided insight into ... -
Oxygen transport in egg masses of the amphibians Rana sylvatica and Ambystoma maculatum: Convection, diffusion and oxygen production by algae
Many amphibians lay their eggs in gelatinous masses up to 10-20 cm in diameter, posing problems for diffusive oxygen delivery. Oxygen may also be provided by water convection between eggs or by oxygen production by endogenous ... -
Pacific Salmon in Hot Water: Applying Aerobic Scope Models and Biotelemetry to Predict the Success of Spawning Migrations
Concern over global climate change is widespread, but quantifying relationships between temperature change and animal fitness has been a challenge for scientists. Our approach to this challenge was to study migratory ... -
Patch Dynamics of a Phytophagous Mite Population Effect of Number of Subpopulations
I conducted a field test of the hypothesis that the dynamics of a predator-prey interaction should be affected by the number of interacting subpopulations within an assemblage. I used a "successful" biological control ... -
Phylogenomic analysis of natural selection pressure in Streptococcus genomes
Background: In comparative analyses of bacterial pathogens, it has been common practice to discriminate between two types of genes: (i) those shared by pathogens and their non-pathogenic relatives (core genes), and (ii) ... -
Physical and biological factors influencing mussel (Mytilus trossulus, M. edulis) settlement on a wave-exposed rocky shore
Settlement rates of mussels Mytilus trossulus and M. edulis on artificial collectors (aquarium filter wool) and natural substrata were measured in tidepools and on emergent rock in recently ice-scoured and non-scoured ... -
Polar Bear Diets and Arctic Marine Food Webs: Insights from Fatty Acid Analysis
We used quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) to examine the diets of 1738 individual polar bears (Ursus maritimus) sampled across the Canadian Arctic over a 30-year span. Polar bear foraging varied over ... -
Pollen limitation of plant reproduction: Ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences
Determining whether seed production is pollen limited has been an area of intensive empirical study over the last two decades. Yet current evidence does not allow satisfactory assessment of the causes or consequences of ... -
Population Structure as Revealed by mtDNA and Microsatellites in Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus ursinus, throughout Their Range
Background: The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus; NFS) is a widely distributed pinniped that has been shown to exhibit a high degree of philopatry to islands, breeding areas on an island, and even to specific ... -
Population-specific gene expression responses to hybridization between farm and wild Atlantic salmon
Because of intrinsic differences in their genetic architectures, wild populations invaded by domesticated individuals could experience population-specific consequences following introgression by genetic material of ... -
Positive Darwinian Selection in the Piston That Powers Proton Pumps in Complex I of the Mitochondria of Pacific Salmon
The mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation is well understood, but evolution of the proteins involved is not. We combined phylogenetic, genomic, and structural biology analyses to examine the evolution of twelve mitochondrial ... -
Potential for anthropogenic disturbances to influence evolutionary change in the life history of a threatened salmonid
Although evolutionary change within most species is thought to occur slowly, recent studies have identified cases where evolutionary change has apparently occurred over a few generations. Anthropogenically altered ... -
Predicting wave dislodgment of mussels: variation in attachment strength with body size, habitat, and season
Breaking waves impose large hydrodynamic forces which may dislodge mussels and other organisms living on exposed rocky shores. We examined the effect of variation in attachment strength with size, habitat and season on ... -
Prevalence and evolution of core photosystem II genes in marine cyanobacterial viruses and their hosts
Cyanophages ( cyanobacterial viruses) are important agents of horizontal gene transfer among marine cyanobacteria, the numerically dominant photosynthetic organisms in the oceans. Some cyanophage genomes carry and express ... -
Prey Exchange Rates and the Impact of Predators on Prey Populations in Streams
We present four lines of evidence that the magnitude of prey exchange (=immigration/emigration) among substrate patches has an overwhelming influence on the perceived effects of predators on prey populations. (1) An extensive ... -
Primiparous and multiparous females differ in mammary gland alveolar development: implications for milk production
Mammary gland capacity is influenced by the number of secretory cells in the gland, the activity of those cells and the size and arrangement of the alveoli that they form. Although reproductive experience has been shown ... -
Procedural effects of prey tethering experiments: Predation of juvenile scallops by crabs and sea stars
This study examines the effects of an experimental tethering procedure often used in field predation experiments. In laboratory experiments, juvenile sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus, either free or tethered, were ... -
Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis: A new method of estimating predator diets
Accurate estimates of the diets of predators are required in many areas of ecology, but for many species current methods are imprecise, limited to the last meal, and often biased. The diversity of fatty acids and their ...
