Particularly Protected: Implementing mandatory management measures to reduce ship impacts in sensitive waters in the Exclusive Economic Zone

Abstract

Canada's extensive coastline and its rich marine ecosystems face growing threats from intensifying maritime activities. This paper argues that existing jurisdictional frameworks, particularly those beyond internal waters, are insufficient to protect vulnerable marine areas from ship-source pollution and other pressures. Drawing on principles of Area-Based Management (ABM), this analysis evaluates the potential of Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) designation by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as a strategic tool to enhance marine conservation. By examining Canada’s current challenges in managing maritime activities, this paper demonstrates how a PSSA designation, complemented by Associated Protective Measures (APMs), offers an internationally recognized mechanism to strengthen marine management. The analysis integrates an ABM lens to illustrate the importance of a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to marine governance, emphasizing long-term vision, and cumulative effects assessment. Ultimately, this paper hypothesizes that the designation of a PSSA on the east coast of Canada can strengthen marine management, thereby furthering Canada's ability to protect sensitive waters and fulfill its national and international conservation commitments.