Microplastics removal techniques: challenges and opportunities of in situ field trials and a review of contemporary microplastics removal technologies

Abstract

Plastic pollution is a growing environmental concern, especially when understanding how polymers interact within ecosystems. Microplastics (MPs) are difficult to analyze in nature due to variety in polymer, size (MPs are less than 0.5 cm but can include nanoplastics with sizes below 1μm), and ecosystem interactions. Particles can persist in aquatic environments due to their low density and durable characteristics. Common MP removal techniques have been identified, but there has been no strategy identified as “best,” and little to no implementation on a global scale. This proof-of-concept study first explored the deployment of an aquatic MP filtration system at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) in Northern Ontario. The second part of this study identified existing and emerging aquatic MP removal technologies using predetermined criteria. Findings suggest the need for monitoring existing removal systems, encouraging creators to move beyond initial invention, funding technological scalability, and further testing collection techniques.