Simulation of Intact and Defected Marble Using 2D and 3D Continuum Grain-Based Models

Abstract

In this research, a series of numerical simulations were conducted using the finite element programs RS2 and RS3 to replicate laboratory unconfined compression tests on marble and to investigate the influence of defects (i.e., veins) on the failure mode and laboratory-measured properties. The unconfined compressive strength, Young’s modulus, failure mode, and stress-strain response were monitored and compared with laboratory test results. Unconfined compression tests were simulated via 2D and 3D homogeneous models (without grain-scale heterogeneities) as well as 2D and 3D grain-based models (GBMs), consisting of grains and grain boundaries. Joint elements were used in all these models to simulate grain boundaries and core-scale defects. The results show that all four types of models, when properly calibrated, can reasonably replicate laboratory test results. The key advantage of GBMs is their ability to capture the brittle failure process, including pre-peak damage evolution. The 3D GBM demonstrates strong potential for further research.