Analysis of the Science-Policy Interface in North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis / Put’p) Conservation

Abstract

The North Atlantic Right Whale (NARW) is a critically endangered species with an estimated ~ 370 total individuals and fewer than 70 reproductive aged females. Major sources of mortality and serious injury include physical strikes from vessels and entanglement in fishing gear. NARW are a transboundary species, present in eastern Canadian and American waters. To help facilitate recovery of the species, management measures have been undertaken to address anthropogenic mortality. Science-policy interface (SPI) studies address how information is, or is not, used to inform policies and regulations including the relationship between actors involved. This study seeks to illustrate the SPI for NARWs. A literature review was conducted to establish the components of the interface, and input from those involved in the NARW network was used to map linkages and potential information flow. Techniques from decision-making theory, network analysis, and SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) were used to assess the SPI. Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Transport Canada are the primary regulatory authorities for NARW in Canada whereas the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is the primary regulatory authority in the US. A strength of the system is its focus on the precautionary approach to management. A notable weakness was a lack of transparency in the system. Opportunities and threats included the potential for further international involvement and lack of Indigenous involvement. This research will also provide clarity to both those inside and outside of this interface to aid in knowledge mobilization and effective decision-making practices for NARW.