Edge Influence on Tree Regeneration After Fire in the Acadian Forest Region

Abstract

As climate change intensifies, fire regimes are shifting in regions historically considered low risk, such as Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The 2023 wildfire season saw record breaking fires in both of these provinces, highlighting the need to understand post fire regeneration dynamics and creating an expansive study area. This study examined patterns of tree regeneration across fire edges in the Acadian Forest, a region characterized by a mix of temperate and boreal species. I hypothesized that regeneration would be higher near fire edges due to increased seed dispersal and light availability. To assess these patterns, data were collected at two major fire sites, one in Nova Scotia and one in New Brunswick, establishing six transects that spanned from 200 m into the burned area to 200 m into the interior forest. Sapling data, including species, height, and regeneration origin, were collected at various distances along each transect and analyzed using randomization tests. Key response variables included total sapling density, species diversity, and richness, as well as individual sapling species. Contrary to my hypotheses, results indicated minimal edge influence on regeneration, with sapling density generally greater further from the fire edge. Species-specific responses varied; Abies balsamea exhibited greater regeneration deeper into the forest, while Acer rubrum saplings were more abundant closer to the edge. Seed-origin saplings displayed inconsistent distribution patterns, while root and stump-origin saplings exhibited more localized regeneration trends. These findings suggest that fire-created edges in the Acadian Forest do not follow regeneration trends observed in other Canadian forest ecosystems. The study highlights the importance of species-specific and mechanism-specific analyses in post-fire recovery research. Understanding these dynamics is critical for refining forest management strategies and developing conservation practices tailored to the unique ecological conditions of the Acadian Forest. Keywords: Tree Regeneration, Forest Fire, Acadian Forest, Edge Influence, Fire Edges