LEAD SERVICE LINE REPLACEMENTS: A GEOMATIC APPROACH TO INTEGRATE COST AND WATER QUALITY AND STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THEM

Abstract

Lead toxicity has been extensively studied in humans based on blood lead levels (BLLs). Scientists say there is no safe level of lead and that children are especially vulnerable since their bodies can absorb more of the neurotoxin than adults. Infants and children are susceptible to specifically the reduction of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) score and attention-related behaviors. Homes built in the 1950s or earlier have a higher risk of being serviced by a lead service line (LSL). The best way to permanently address sources of lead in drinking water is to remove all components containing lead and to replace all LSLs. North American communities are taking essential steps to accelerate the replacement of LSLs through online tools and financial incentives. The purpose of the research is to examine the features that were most effective in prompting potential homebuyers or renters to replace LSL through compiling and analyzing information collected for 35 North American utilities. This study examines the “cost” as one of the significant barriers in all the LSLs and provides a solution through the development of a web application called GIS Cost Estimation portal that will help homeowners know their replacement cost as per the features and location of their house. Over time, the lead content decreases in a service line going to a 100% reduction. However, the cost cannot be correlated with the improvement factor in drinking water quality.