Children’s Fear during Procedural Pain: Preliminary Investigation of the Children’s Fear Scale
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Date
2011-08-01Author
McMurtry, Meghan
Noel, Melanie Elizabeth
Chambers, Christine
McGrath, Patrick
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Many children consider getting a needle to be one of their most feared and painful experiences. Differentiating between a child’s experience of fear and pain is critical to appropriate intervention. There is no gold standard one-item self-report measure of fear for use with children. Objective: To conduct an initial investigation of the psychometric properties of the Children’s Fear Scale (CFS; based on the adult Faces Anxiety Scale) with young school-aged children. Methods: Children and their parents were filmed during venipuncture and completed pain and fear ratings immediately after the procedure (n = 100) and 2 weeks later (n = 48). Behavioral coding of the procedures was conducted. Results: Support was found for inter-rater reliability (time 1: rs = .51, p < .001) and test-retest reliability (rs = .76, p < .001) of the CFS for measuring children’s fear during venipuncture. Assessment of construct validity revealed high concurrent convergent validity with another self-report measure of fear (time 1: rs = .73, p < .001) and moderate discriminant validity (e.g., time 1: rs = -.30, p < .005 with child coping behavior; rs = .41, p < .001 with child distress behavior). Conclusions: The CFS holds promise for measuring pain-related fear in children. In addition to further investigation into the psychometric properties of the CFS during acute pain with a wider age range, future research could validate this measure in other contexts. The utility of a one-item measure of fear extends beyond the field of pediatric pain to other contexts including intervention for anxiety disorders and children in hospital.
Citation
McMurtry, C.M., Noel, M., Chambers, C.T., & McGrath, P.J. (2011). Children’s fear during procedural pain: Preliminary investigation of the Children’s Fear Scale. Health Psychology, 30, 780-788. doi: 10.1037/a0024817. PMID: 21806301