Fine-scale distribution, habitat use, and movements of sperm whales

Abstract

Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are nomadic species typically studied across broad (>100km) spatial scales. In this study, I model fine-scale (or submesocale) habitat preferences, determine how organization into distinctive units of associating female and juveniles influences habitat use, and describe how movements change across the 24-hour cycle. This study concerns a well-studied population of sperm whales off Dominica in the Eastern Caribbean. Statistical models suggest that overall habitat use is rather homogenous, and social behaviour is best predicted by the presence of mature males. Variation among social units in the amount of time spent, and space occupied, within the study area indicates habitat preferences at the level of the social unit. Finally, movements are influenced by the diurnal cycle, as whales tend to move from inshore to offshore at dusk. This study betters our understanding of sperm whale habitat decisions over fine-scales, and has implication for conservation and management strategies.